Traits User Manual
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Traits User Manual
1 Introduction
1.1 What Are Traits?
1.2 Background
2 Defining Traits: Initialization and Validation
2.1 Predefined Traits
2.1.1 Predefined Traits for Simple Types
2.1.2 Other Predefined Traits
2.2 Trait Metadata
2.2.1 Internal Metadata Attributes
2.2.2 Recognized Metadata Attributes
2.2.3 Accessing Metadata Attributes
3 Trait Notification
3.1 Dynamic Notification
3.1.1 Example of a Dynamic Notification Handler
3.1.2 The name Parameter
3.1.3 Notification Handler Signatures
3.1.4 Dynamic Handler Special Cases
3.2 Static Notification
3.2.1 Handler Decorator
3.2.2 Specially-named Notification Handlers
3.2.3 Attribute-specific Handler Signatures
3.2.4 General Static Handler Signatures
3.3 Trait Events
3.4 Undefined Object
4 Deferring Trait Definitions
4.1 DelegatesTo
4.2 PrototypedFrom
4.3 Keyword Parameters
4.3.1 Prefix Keyword
4.3.2 Listenable Keyword
4.4 Notification with Deferring
5 Custom Traits
5.1 Trait Subclassing
5.1.1 Defining a Trait Type
5.1.2 Defining a Trait Property
5.1.3 Other TraitType Members
5.2 The Trait() Factory Function
5.2.1 Trait () Parameters
5.2.2 Mapped Traits
5.3 Trait Handlers
5.3.1 TraitPrefixList
5.3.2 TraitPrefixMap
5.4 Custom Trait Handlers
5.4.1 Example Custom Trait Handler
6 Advanced Topics
6.1 Initialization and Validation Revisited
6.1.1 Dynamic Initialization
6.1.2 Overriding Default Values in a Subclass
6.1.3 Reusing Trait Definitions
6.1.4 Trait Attribute Definition Strategies
6.1.5 Type-Checked Methods
6.2 Interfaces
6.2.1 Defining an Interface
6.2.2 Implementing an Interface
6.2.3 Using Interfaces
6.3 Adaptation
6.3.1 Defining Adapters
6.3.2 Using Adapters
6.3.3 Controlling Adaptation
6.4 Property Traits
6.4.1 Property Factory Function
6.4.2 Caching a Property Value
6.5 Persistence
6.5.1 Pickling HasTraits Objects
6.5.2 Predefined Transient Traits
6.5.3 Overriding __getstate__()
6.5.4 Unpickling HasTraits Objects
6.5.5 Overriding __setstate__()
6.6 Useful Methods on HasTraits
6.6.1 add_trait()
6.6.2 clone_traits()
6.6.3 set()
6.6.4 add_class_trait()
6.7 Performance Considerations of Traits

3.2.1        Handler Decorator

The most flexible method of statically specifying that a method is a notification handler for a trait is to use the @on_trait_change() decorator. The @on_trait_change() decorator is more flexible than specially-named method handlers, because it supports the very powerful extended trait name syntax (see Section 3.1.2, “The name Parameter”). You can use the decorator to set handlers on multiple attributes at once, on trait attributes of linked objects, and on attributes that are selected based on trait metadata.

3.2.1.1          Decorator Syntax

The syntax for the decorator is:

@on_trait_change( 'extended_trait_name' )

def any_method_name( self, … ):

    …

In this case, extended_trait_name is a specifier for one or more trait attributes, using the syntax described in Section 3.1.2, “The name Parameter”.

The signatures that are recognized for “decorated” handlers are the same as those for dynamic notification handlers, as described in Section 3.1. That is, they can have an object parameter, because they can handle notifications for trait attributes that do not belong to the same object.

3.2.1.2          Decorator Semantics

The functionality provided by the @on_trait_change() decorator is identical to that of specially-named handlers, in that both result in a call to on_trait_change() to register the method as a notification handler. However, the two approaches differ in when the call is made. Specially-named handlers are registered at class construction time; decorated handers are registered at instance creation time, prior to setting any object state.

A consequence of this difference is that the @on_trait_change() decorator causes any default initializers for the traits it references to be executed at instance construction time. In the case of specially-named handlers, any default initializers are executed lazily.

Previous: 3.2 Static Notification Table of Contents Next: 3.2.2 Specially-named Notification Handlers
Traits User Manual